Abstract
The development and progression of male infertility are closely linked to a sedentary lifestyle; however, its underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Our aim was to assess the protective effects of moderate swimming exercise on the male reproductive system in isoproterenol-treated rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows: (1) non-interventional controls (CTRL), (2) isoproterenol-treated (ISO), (3) pre-treatment swimming training + ISO (PRE + ISO), (4) ISO + post-treatment swimming training (ISO+POST), (5) pre-treatment swimming training + ISO + post-treatment swimming training (PRE + ISO + POST) groups. Testicular oxidative stress was induced by ISO injection (1.0 mg/kg). Rats in the pre- or post-training groups were trained five days a week. At the end of the experimental period, serum testosterone levels, sperms’ hyaluronan binding, and total glutathione (GSH) content, as well as myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), TNF alpha and IL6 concentrations in the testis and semen, were measured. Serum testosterone levels, sperms’ hyaluronan binding, and GSH content were found to be significantly reduced, while MPO, TNF alpha and IL6 concentrations in the testis and semen were elevated after the ISO treatment compared to the CTRL group. Moderate-intensity swimming exercise effectively alleviated the negative effects of high oxidative stress. Our findings provide the first evidence that moderate-intensity swimming exercise confers sustained protection from isoproterenol-induced adverse effects on testicular inflammation.
Highlights
Pre-treatment swimming or post-treatment swimming, separately, induced a resulted significant in t combination of preand post-treatment swimming increase in the level of testosterone compared to the non-trained ISO group
The present study demonstrates that ISO-induced oxidative stress promotes testicuThe present study demonstrates that ISO-induced oxidative stress promotes testicular lar inflammation and hormonal imbalance, characterized by low testosterone concentrainflammation and hormonal imbalance, characterized by low testosterone concentrations tions and an impaired antioxidant capacity within the testes, which eventually leads to a and an impaired antioxidant capacity within the testes, which eventually leads to a decrease decrease in mature/immature sperm ratio
Our findings regarding the negative effects of oxidative stress on the male male reproductive system are in line with several studies indicating that oxidative stress causes testicular dysfunction
Summary
Complex health benefits of physical exercise are well-established. Moderate exercise training decreases the risks of cardiovascular disorders and contributes to the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases [1]. Previous clinical and experimental studies support the fact that a sedentary lifestyle plays a significant role in the rapid increase in the rate of infertility [2]. Epidemiological studies support that males are responsible for
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