Abstract
Jatropha curcas (J. curcas) is usually monoecious plants, which have male and female flowers on the same inflorescence. However, J. curcas can be found as an androgynomonoecious plant (have male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers), even though very rare. Androgynomonoecious J. curcas can be identified after six months of planting when it had started flowering. Therefore, it is important to identify the characteristics of androgynomonoecious J. curcas that can differentiate between androgynomonoecious and monoecious plants in earlier stages of growth. The objectives of the research were to observe isozymes, chromosome and flowers gender of androgynomonoecious and monoecious J. curcas Banten and Lampung accessions. Seeds from five genotypes of J. curcas were used in the research. The observation was carried out on the chromosome and isozymes (Peroxidase and Esterase isozymes) could be used as markers to differentiate androgynomonoecious and monoecious plants. Observations about the flower gender from offsprings derived from different seeds were important to know the inheritance of flower gender. The androgynomonoecious and monoecious J. curcas were diploid with number of chromosomes 2n=2x=22. The chromosomes of androgynomonoecious have longer than that of monoecious J. curcas. The isozymes of androgynomonoecious J. curcas had four alleles and monoecious J. curcas (Banten female monoecious) had three alleles. The flower inflorescence and gender derived from androgynomonoecious plants were unstable, due to androgynomonoecious is intermediate state.
Highlights
Jatropha curcas (J. curcas) is an original plant from tropical America belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceae
J. curcas can be found as an androgynomonoecious plant, even though very rare
J. curcas with hermaphrodite flowers are classified as andromonoecious type and androgynomonoecious type
Summary
Jatropha curcas (J. curcas) is an original plant from tropical America belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceae. J. curcas has male and female flowers on the same inflorescence in the plant (Hartati et al 2009), there is currently some J. curcas with hermaphrodite flowers, but very rarely found. J. curcas with hermaphrodite flowers are classified as andromonoecious type (have hermaphrodite and male flowers in the same plant) and androgynomonoecious type (have male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers in same the plant) (Dellaporta and Urrea 1993; Makkar et al.2008; Andriano-Anaya et al 2016). Hermaphrodite flowers tended to perform self-pollination (Hartati 2009; Dasumiati et al 2015). Self-pollinated plants will produce homogeneous offsprings than crosspollinated plants (monoecious) which generally produce heterogeneous offsprings (Raju and Ezradanam 2002). It is very important to study early detection for sex type of J. curcas that produces hermaphrodite flowers as an indicator for J. curcas breeding
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