Abstract
Red cabbage belongs to the economically important group of vegetable crops of the Brassicaceae family. A unique feature of this vegetable crop that distinguishes it from other members of the family is its unique biochemical composition characterized by high anthocyanin content, which gives it antioxidant properties. The production mainly uses F1 hybrids, which require constant parental lines, requiring 6–7 generations of inbreeding. Culture of isolated microspores in vitro is currently one of the promising methods for the accelerated production of pure lines with 100% homozygosity. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors and select optimal parameters for successful induction of red cabbage embryogenesis in isolated microspore culture in vitro and subsequent regeneration of DH plants. As a result of research, for the first time, it was possible to carry out the full cycle of obtaining DH plants of red cabbage from the induction of embryogenesis to their inclusion in the breeding process. The size of buds containing predominantly microspores at the late vacuolated stage and pollen at the early bi-cellular stage has to be selected individually for each genotype, because the embryoid yield will be determined by the interaction of these two factors. In the six samples studied, the maximum embryoid yield was obtained from buds 4.1–4.4 mm and 4.5–5.0 mm long, depending on the genotype. Cultivation of microspores was carried out on liquid NLN culture medium with 13% sucrose. The maximum number of embryoids (173.5 ± 7.5 pcs./Petri dish) was obtained on culture medium with pH 5.8 and heat shock at 32 °C for 48 h. Successful embryoid development and plant regeneration by direct germination from shoot apical meristem were achieved on MS culture medium with 2% sucrose and 0.7% agar, supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine at a concentration of 1 mg/L. Analysis of the obtained regenerated plants, which successfully passed the stage of adaptation to ex vitro conditions by flow cytometry, showed that most of them were doubled haploids (up to 90.9%). A low number of seeds produced by self-fertilization in DH plants was observed.
Highlights
Introduction iationsRed cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. rubra (L.) Thell.) is one of the valuable crops that belong to the same botanical species as white cabbage, sharing the same origin
The first divisions in the red cabbage microspore culture were observed after three days of cultivation (Figure 1a)
By 30 days of cultivation, the embryoids had reached the cotyledon stage (Figure 1g), ready to be transferred to solid culture medium for plant regeneration
Summary
Introduction iationsRed cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. rubra (L.) Thell.) is one of the valuable crops that belong to the same botanical species as white cabbage, sharing the same origin. Rubra (L.) Thell.) is one of the valuable crops that belong to the same botanical species as white cabbage, sharing the same origin. The value of this crop is its balanced biochemical composition, which contains potassium, vitamins B and PP, ascorbic acid, carotene, and organic acids [1]. The purple coloring of the leaves of this cabbage is due to the increased content of the coloring pigment, anthocyanin, which can reach 204–500 mg/% [2]. Grape and red cabbage are leaders among fruits and vegetables in terms of anthocyanin content [5].
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