Abstract
The Andreev Reflection is the key mechanism for thesuperconducting proximity effect. It provides phasecorrelations in a system of non-interacting electrons atmesoscopic scales, i.e. over distances much larger than themicroscopic lengths: Fermi wavelength and elastic electronmean free path. This field of research has attracted anincreasing interest in the recent years in part because of thetremendous development of nanofabrication technologies, andalso because of the richness of the involved quantum effects.In this paper we review some recently achieved advances. Wealso discuss new open questions, in particular non-equilibriumeffects and proximity effect in systems with ferromagneticelements.
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