Anderson-Bogoliubov and Carlson-Goldman modes in counterflow superconductors: Case study of a double monolayer graphene

Abstract

The impact of electron-hole pairing on the spectrum of plasma excitations in double layer systems is investigated. The theory is developed with reference to a double monolayer graphene. Taking into account the coupling of scalar potential oscillations with oscillations of the order parameter $\Delta$, we show that the spectrum of antisymmetric (acoustic) plasma excitations contains two modes: a weakly damped mode below the gap $2\Delta$ and a strongly damped mode above the gap. The lower mode can be interpreted as an analog of the Carlson-Goldman mode. This mode has an acoustic dispersion relation at small wave vectors and it saturates at the level $2\Delta$ at large wave vectors. Its velocity is larger than the velocity of the Anderson-Bogoliubov mode $v_{AB}=v_F$/$\sqrt{2}$, and it can be smaller than the Fermi velocity $v_F$. The damping rate of this mode strongly increases under increase of temperature. Out-of-phase oscillations of two order parameters in two spin subsystems are also considered. This part of the spectrum contains two more modes. One of them is interpreted as an analog of the Anderson-Bogoliubov (phase) mode and the other, as an analog of the Schmid (amplitude) mode. With minor modifications the theory can be extended to describe collective modes in a double bilayer graphene as well.