Abstract
The article examines the activism that Peruvian mestizos undertook in order to rearticulate their agency and identity in a positive and polemical in late sixteenth-century colonial Peru. The research focuses on two related and little known documents from the 1580s, a 1584 memorial to King Philip II and a 1583 Latin letter to Pope Gregory XIII (English translation included in the Appendix). Part of a larger paper trail, these documents offer an important record of Andean activism before the church and the crown, set within the larger context of post-conquest struggles for the New World. The topic of mestizo agency is framed in terms of how colonial subjects actively engage in variable and adaptable strategies, through which they seek to reformulate their identity, place, and position within the Spanish colonial world.
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