Abstract
This article reviews the ancillary tests that are available to evaluate disease and function of the gastrointestinal system. Procedures and tests such as abdominocentesis and peritoneal fluid cytology; rumen fluid analysis; abomasal pH and pepsinogen; upper digestive tract endoscopy; ultrasonography and radiology; hematologic and biochemical assessments; cytology, culture, and histopathology of aspirates; serology, liver function tests and biopsy; exploratory laparotomy; fecal examination; and microbiology are described.
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