Abstract
The Honghe site is located in the middle reaches of the Nenjiang River in northeastern China and contains remains from the late Neolithic through the Ming and Qing dynasties. Among these remains, dogs were the only species domesticated in the Neolithic period. In this study, we analyzed the ancient DNA of 29 canine remains from the late Neolithic to the Bronze Age at the Honghe site, and the results showed that two new A subhaplogroups (A3 and A4) were found in the canines from the Honghe site compared to the ancient canines from the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin in China. At the same time, the sex ratio of domestic dogs at the site changed between the different historical phases, which may have been influenced by a number of factors, possibly including changes in livelihood mode transitions. In addition, the discovery of dog haplotypes B and C at the site suggests that the influence of European domestic dogs reached northeast China during this period.
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