Abstract

Three to four thousand year old DNA in Pecos River style pictographs was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and phylogenetic analysis. We sequenced a 106 base-pair (bp) fragment from the highly conservative histone 4 gene, assessing potential contamination by using negative controls (no DNA) and positive controls (known DNA). The pictograph sequence was compared to sequences from vegetable and animal “carriers ” that could have been used to bind the pigment to the rock. The analysis revealed the use of an organic binder/vehicle derived from a mammal, probably an ungulate of the Order Artiodactyla.

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