Anchor-based routing protocol with dynamic clustering for Internet of Things WSNs

Catalina Aranzazu-Suescun,Mihaela Cardei

doi:10.1186/s13638-019-1447-8

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have many applications in climate monitoring, fire detection, smart homes, and smart cities, as well as detecting and monitoring dynamic, spatio-temporal events such as storms, traffic, and animal movement. WSNs are an important component of the Internet of Things (IoT), and they play an important role in monitoring and collecting surrounding context and reporting the sensed data. In this paper, we consider a WSN deployed to monitor spatio-temporal events and a mobile sink which acts as the gateway between the IoT and the WSN. Data gathering is a challenging problem in WSNs and IoT since the algorithms have to be energy-efficient and the information has to be available to the end user in a timely manner and without redundancies.In this paper, we propose an improvement of the reactive, anchor-based routing protocol with constrained flooding and dynamic clustering from Aranzazu-Suescun and Cardei (Spatio-temporal event detection and reporting in mobile-sink wireless sensors networks, 2017). We propose a new event-based clustering mechanism and a new dynamic clustering technique. This improvement results in reduced energy consumption and a higher number of packets processed successfully by the sink compared to Aranzazu-Suescun and Cardei (Spatio-temporal event detection and reporting in mobile-sink wireless sensors networks, 2017). Data collected by the mobile sink are shared to the end users through the IoT infrastructure. We conducted simulations using WSNet, an event-driven simulator for WSNs. We measured various performance metrics, such as the average residual energy, the number of active clusters, and the percentage of events processed successfully by the sink.

Highlights

Interconnecting devices to generate a “smart” environment is the basic concept in the Internet of Things (IoT), and the sensor-actuator-internet is the framework to achieve this smart environment [5]
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be used in IoT applications for monitoring environmental changes, people, and animal movements
We propose a reactive anchor-based routing protocol with constrained flooding and dynamic clustering for spatio-temporal event detection and reporting

Summary

Introduction

Interconnecting devices to generate a “smart” environment is the basic concept in the Internet of Things (IoT), and the sensor-actuator-internet is the framework to achieve this smart environment [5]. A set of anchors may be active at a certain time, and this set may change over time depending on the sink movement Another important technique is the use of a dynamic, event-based clustering, which allows the collection of information about the moving events. We assume that the detection is performed by the sensor nodes, and we use energy-efficient techniques to reduce the energy consumed by the WSNs. WSNs can be used in IoT applications for monitoring environmental changes, people, and animal movements. The second phase is the spatial dependency model of the event that uses Markov random fields In this case, the nodes predict their sensing values using the information of its neighbors. We propose a reactive anchor-based routing protocol with constrained flooding and dynamic clustering for spatio-temporal event detection and reporting. Our event moves with a certain speed, but it maintains the same circular shape and moves on a random path, see Fig. 1

Problem definition

Event reporting

Simulation specifications We compare the performance of three algorithms:

Results and discussion

Conclusions