Abstract
Reliable data transfer seems a quite challenging task in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) in comparison with Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks due to the peculiar attributes of UWSN communication. However, the reliable data transmission in UWSN is very limited. Yet, there is a way to achieve reliable data transfer metrics through the design of routing protocols by considering the exceptional features of UWSN communications. With this aim, we propose two schemes with multiple sinks-based network architecture: Anchor Nodes assisted Cluster-based Routing Protocol (ANCRP) to achieve reliable data transfer metrics and Void Handling technique in ANCRP (VH-ANCRP) to cope with the local maximum nodes. For which, the network space is divided into small cubes to form clusters. Then, each cube is assigned with an anchor node as a cluster head (CH). All cluster heads are supposed to be anchored at the centroid of a cube via a string, while source nodes are randomly distributed. In ANCRP, the source nodes are liable to send the sensed data to their designated CH. The CH transmits the sensed data to the next-hop CH and continues this procedure till the successful delivery of the data packets at the surface sinks. In VH-ANCRP, a void handling technique of making the ad-hoc CH is used by the void nodes to reconnect with the network operations. We perform extensive simulations in NS3 to validate our schemes. The simulation outcomes expel that both proposed schemes have improved the network performance when compared with the baseline schemes.
Highlights
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are gaining pivotal considerations in both industrial and academia sector because of their wide and comprehensive implementation areas, such as resource exploration, navigation assisting, military surveillance, calamity preventions, etc. [1]
The simulation results revealed that the efficient Multipath Grid-based Geographical Routing (EMGGR) protocol has shown low performance with respect to the aforementioned performance metrics
The Radius-based Multipath Courier Node (RMCN) protocol has shown fair performance when compared with other protocols
Summary
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are gaining pivotal considerations in both industrial and academia sector because of their wide and comprehensive implementation areas, such as resource exploration, navigation assisting, military surveillance, calamity preventions, etc. [1]. Acoustic communication itself has significant limitations, for example, low bandwidth, high propagation delay, high interference, slow data rates, absorption losses, and multipath fading [9]–[11] These challenges can motivate the researchers to design reliable, effective, and energy-efficient UWSN routing protocols. Two novel schemes: Anchor Nodes assisted Cluster-based Routing Protocol (ANCRP) and Void Handling technique in ANCRP (VH-ANCRP) are proposed to enable the reliable data transfer in UWSN routing protocols. In the ANCRP scheme, all the source nodes within the cubes can only route the data packet towards their designated cluster heads. Once a void node got recovery, it follows the ANCRP scheme to route the data packets in the direction of the cluster heads, which can further be disseminated towards the surface sinks.
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