Anatomy of the endophyte of Viscum album L. (Loranthaceae)

Abstract

Anatomy of the endophyte of Viscum album L. (Loranthaceae). An anatomical investigation into the nature of the host-parasite interaction of V. album and several of its phanerogamic hosts using SEM and light microscopy was conducted. Three kinds of parasite cell (haustorial parenchyma cells, cells resembling transfer cells and haustorial tracheids) were identified at the host-parasite interface. The terms haustorial parenchyma and haustorial tracheid are defined. Haustorial tracheids were seen to have penetrated the walls of host vessel elements and it is suggested that V. album is able to establish on a wide range of hosts because of the anatomically plastic nature of its haustorium. The development of the haustorium depends to a large extent on the nature of the surrounding host tissues. Parasite-induced host abnormalities including hypertrophy, distorted xylem elements, vessel-wall penetration and tylosis-occluded vessels were observed. The macroanatomical features observed are discussed and interpreted by-proposing a new theory for the ontogenesis of the V. album haustorium. Cortical strands with ‘chisel’ and ‘pencil’ shaped apices were both found to be present at the same time on one plant and thus were not seasonally separated.