Anatomy of the Anorectal Region and Pelvic Floor

Abstract

The anorectal region and pelvic floor are crucial in maintaining continence and facilitating evacuation. The pelvic floor is a complex, three-dimensional mechanical apparatus that consists of several components: the pelvic organs and endopelvic fascia, the ligament and perineal membrane, the levator ani and superficial perineal muscles, and the pelvic nerves. The support for the pelvic organs comes from connections to the pelvis and its muscles. Any damage to the structural and functional interactions of the pelvic floor elements can potentially cause multicompartmental dysfunction. Anorectum and pelvic floor have multiple interconnections by fascia and ligaments, and these structures provide support for endopelvic viscera and aid in defecation with a coordinated action. Also, in females, the pelvic floor is part of the birth canal.