Abstract
ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to analyze the anatomy of adult humerii nutrient foramina in the Pakistani population, including the number, size, and relative position of the nutrient foramen in relation to the outer surface and zones, as well as length from the center of the humerus.Materials and methodsDry humerii of unknown age and gender were included and analyzed through non-probability convenience sampling. Those that were broken or had any pathology were excluded. The length of the humerus (cm), the number, size, and position of the nutrient foramen in relation to humerus surfaces and zones, as well as the distance from the humerus midpoint were studied. When many foramina were identified, the largest was designated as prominent foramen, and its dimensions (mm) were calculated. The data were collected and analyzed, i.e., mean, range, percentage, and standard deviation.ResultsA total of 50 adult dry humerii of unknown age and gender were studied. The humerii had a mean length of about 27.96 ±2.18 cm. The nutrient foramen had a mean size of about 0.828 ±0.26 mm. The mean distance from the humerus center to the major nutrient foramen was nearly 2.31 ±1.25 cm. The nutrient foramen was discovered in the bone in the middle one-third of humerii (84%) and 12% in the lower one-third, while it was only detected in 4% in the top one-third. The nutrient foramen was located in the anteromedial surface 80% of the time, the posterior surface 12% of the time, and the anterolateral surface 8% of the time.ConclusionBased on our findings, the nutrient foramina of adult humerii in the Pakistani population studied were discovered in the anteromedial and posterior surfaces on the anterolateral. Additionally, the nutrient foramen was identified in the middle and lower thirds of the humerii. The majority of the humerii had only one nutrient foramen, while a few humerii had several nutrient foramina. We believe physicians will find our results useful in treating humeral injuries and illnesses.
Highlights
Foramina for blood vessel entrance vary in size and shape in all bones[1]
The nutrient foramen was discovered in the bone in the middle one-third of humerii (84%) and 12% in the lower onethird, while it was only detected in 4% in the top one-third
The nutrient foramen was located in the anteromedial surface 80% of the time, the posterior surface 12% of the time, and the anterolateral surface 8% of the time
Summary
Foramina for blood vessel entrance vary in size and shape in all bones[1]. Very large nutritional foramina are found in the shaft of the bone with larger lengths, feeding into a nutrient canal that continues into the medullary cavity [1]. The fracture may become delayed or result in nonunion if the blood supply is inadequate, indicating that the medullary artery system is essential in the reformation of the vessels of the necrotizing cortex and the union of callus at ruptures spot [2]. Surgeons can avoid harming the nutrient artery and limiting the development of a late union or nonunion of the crack by recognizing the position of the nutritional foramen and the accompanying anatomy [3]
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