Abstract
In noncostal regions of cyclanthaceous laminae, stomata in interridge areas are most abundant in the abaxial epidermis, which exhibits stomatal bands and four basic kinds of interstomatal bands. Depending on the species, the cuticle either lacks or exhibits cuticular papillae and/or ridges. Epidermal appendages commonly occur, and many intermediates exist between lumen papillae and elaborate multiseriate hairs. Functional and nonfunctional stomata may occur in one lamina. Four species produce polar perforations in the common wall between two associated guard cells. Stomata typically develop together with four subsidiary cells, which may differ from ordinary epidermal cells in position, cuticular ornamentation, staining characteristics of outer walls, wall thickness, nuclear size, and kinds of inclusions. Stomatal complexes exhibit substantial dorsiventral symmetry, are commonly either type 1 or type 2, and are solitary or in contact with one another.
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