Abstract
Comprehensive anatomy is an approach that aims to understand why and how anatomical systems work. Humans are not man-made so we have the solution, but not the problem. Consequently, we must initially identify the underlying functional technical problems which will then lead us to an anatomical solution and its validation. The ankle is a complex joint, connecting the leg and the foot. Its intelligent construction is linked to the need to control body movements, both in terms of the forwards and backwards as well as the internal and external position, while the foot is on the ground. To protect the joint, the two corresponding joint systems are separated, but combined to form a true ankle-foot hinged joint, with a talocrural junction in the transverse direction and a subtalar junction in the oblique direction. This provides a biomechanical profile with a superimposed system to the rear, talus on calcaneus, and one that is spread out at the front, with the placement of the five metatarsal rays. So as to increase the mechanical resistance, there is also the fragmented mosaic tarsal structure, which provides variable mechanical compensation via the periarticular tendons.
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