Anatomie échographique de l’épaule

Abstract

The tendons of the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles plus the articular capsule of the scapulohumeral joint wrap around the head of the humerus to form the rotator cuff of the shoulder. No tendon is associated to the articular capsule in the inferior aspect of the joint. Anatomical concepts on the shoulder have recently evolved. In particular, recent cadaveric studies detailed the ultrastructural tendinous anatomy of the rotator cuff. These new concepts allow a more comprehensive understanding of sonographic images in both normal and pathologic situations. The anterior and posterior intervals of the rotator cuff respectively allow the implantation of the coracoid process and of the scapular spine on the body of the scapula. The acromion laterally extends the scapular spine. The shoulder can be sonographically explored with anterior, superior, posterior and inferior approaches. The position of the shoulder and of the transducer must be adjusted to avoid ultrasound impassable bone structures.