Anatomical Variations of the Bifurcation Levels of the Common Carotid Artery and Superior Thyroid Artery.

Abstract

Variations in the carotid arterial system significantly impact atherosclerosis's clinical and surgical management, which predominantly occurs at arterial bifurcations. This study aimed at evaluating anatomical variations in the bifurcation levels of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the superior thyroidartery (STA), emphasizing clinical relevance. This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in June 2021 using 32 embalmed cadavers of adult age from medical schools in Khartoum, Sudan. Sixty-four carotids were examined, noting the levels of CCA bifurcation and STA origin, and their symmetry across both sides of the body. Results: Among the cadavers studied, CCA bifurcation most commonly occurred at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage (46.9%), followed by the body of the hyoid bone (40.1%). The STA predominantly originated from the external carotid artery (ECA) (65.6%). Conclusion: No significant correlation was found between the bifurcation levels of the CCA and the origins of the STA. Bilateral symmetry in the bifurcation of the CCA and the origin of the STA was observed in most cases. The study highlights notable variations in the anatomy of the carotid arteries. These findings suggest that pre-surgical imaging and careful planning are crucial to accommodate anatomical diversities.