Abstract
The axillary artery conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of thorax, axilla upper limb and it is divided into three parts by the pectoralis minor muscle. Anatomical variations of the axillary artery are common and might be encountered during surgical, vascular interventions or minimally invasive procedures in the axillary region. Clinically significant anatomical variations of the axillary artery are those of the third part which form an anastomotic network surrounding the scapula and providing alternative pathways for collateral circulation of the arm, scapular area or lateral thoracic wall. From surgical point of view any inadequate knowledge of the potential vascular variations of the axillary artery could lead to irreversible flap loss as this may occur during a reconstructive surgery using a pedicled flap based on a branch of the axillary artery.
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