Abstract
Objetive: This study aimed to compare the anatomical characteristics of the mandible in patients with skeletal class I, II and class III disorders using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: CBCT scans of patients between 17 to 40 years taken with NewTom 3G CBCT system with 12-inch field of view (FOV) were selected from the archive. Lateral cephalograms were obtained from CBCT scans of patients, and type of skeletal malocclusion was determined (Class I, II or III). All CBCT scans were evaluated in the sagittal, coronal and axial planes using the N.N.T viewer software. Results: The ramus height and distance from the mandibular foramen to the sigmoid notch in class II patients were significantly different from those in skeletal class I (P < 0.005). Distance from the mandibular canal to the anterior border of ramus in class III individuals was significantly different from that in skeletal class I individuals (P < .005). Conclusion: Length of the body of mandible in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II and III patients. Also, ramus height in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II patients. CBCT had high efficacy for accurate identification of anatomical landmarks. Keywords Prognathism; Retrognathism; Mandible; Anatomy; Cone beam computed tomography.
Highlights
Prognathism and retrognathism of mandible are among the most common dentofacial deformities caused by over/insufficient growth of the mandible [1]
Surgical techniques have been designed according to the normal anatomy of mandible; in different malocclusion, location of anatomical landmarks such as nerve position within bone, location of mental and mandibular foramina and thickness of bone may vary and knowing the anatomical characteristics improve surgical outcomes
Comparison between the mental foramen position in three skeletal groups (Table I) showed that class III skeletal pattern had greatest mean distance from mental foramen to alveolar crest, inferior border of mandible and apex of second premolar tooth and highest mean of mandible length at the premolar region
Summary
Prognathism and retrognathism of mandible are among the most common dentofacial deformities caused by over/insufficient growth of the mandible [1]. In skeletal class III patients, the mandible body length and size of gonial angle increase while the ramus height decreases compared to the skeletal class I patients [2]. Since the surgical techniques are designed according to the normal anatomy of mandible, location of anatomical landmarks such as nerve position within bone, location of mental and mandibular foramina and bone thickness may vary in skeletal class II and III patients and affect the treatment outcome. Such evaluations are important to increase the clinician’s knowledge about the respective area anatomy
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