Anatomical basis and clinical application on using botulinum toxin type A to treat facial laxity

Abstract

Objective To study the anatomical morphology of the platysma muscle of the lower face, so as to provide anatomical basis for the treatment of facial laxity by injection of botulinum toxin type A. To explore the safe injection site of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of facial relaxation, and to explore the effect of botulinum toxin type A. Methods ① Extensively dissect and analysis of 30 hemi-faces in 15 cadavers . Exposed the platysma muscle of the lower face, and measured the width of the platysma muscle, the extension angle in face, and coverage of the face. Then use SPSS 22.0 software to statistical analysis. ②Analysis clinical data of the treatment of facial laxity patients using botulinum toxin type A from August 2015 to October, 2017.Inject botulinum toxin type A to the platysma muscle of the lower face. Standardized photograph patients before and after injection. Use Photoshop CC to measure the facial ascension and the mandibular margin ascending angle before and after treatment. Use SPSS 22.0 software to statistical analysis the measured data before and after treatment. Results ①According to the direction of the platysma muscle, the direction of posterior muscle bundle can be divided into straight, straight-curved and curved three categories, accounting for 36.7%, 50.0% and 13.3% respectively, and in all cases, it covered the mandibular angle. The distribution of the high peak of the posterior muscle beam in the platysma muscle was statistically significant, indicating that the structure and distribution of the platysma muscle varied greatly, whereas the broad of muscle is stable and the distribution table was shallow. ② Injected botulinum toxin type A in designed site of platysma muscle, and used the ring diameter rule to measure the data of the lower part before and after injection. Then compared data from two groups and check whether the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. It is the indicator that the treatment was effective. Conclusions ①The platysma muscle is thin and the thickness of the muscle is thin, and the morphological distribution varied greatly, so the platysma muscle injection site is pressed against the lower jaw. You should try to be shallow during injection. ②The treatment of the following contour morphology was improved by the botulinum toxin type A injection and the therapeutic effect was positive. Key words: Botulinum toxin type A; The lower facial relaxation; Platysma; Anatomy