Abstract
This study was designed to explain the anatomy and histology of kidneys and salt glands in Great Flamingos. Eight adult healthy Great Flamingos of both sexes have been used. The results showed that the kidneys in Great Flamingos consist of three separated lobes. The right kidney was longer 8.9±0.3 mm than the left kidney 8.4±0.4mm. The ratio of the kidneys weight to the total body weight was 0.39%. The salt gland was very large crescent shape, and occupied the supraorbital fossa and has 20.8±0.2mm long and 3.9±0.2mm in diameter. The volume of cortex was 60-70% and the medulla was 30-40%. Within the middle region of cortex there were numerous large corpuscles (mammalian type) and few of small corpuscles (reptilian type). There was a variation between the means diameters of mammalian type 59±1µm and reptilian type 42±0.9µm. The proximal and distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and their means diameters were 46±0.9, 44±1 and 55.1±0.7µm, respectively. Within medulla the thick and thin segments were arranged at the peripheral zone of medullary cone while the collecting ducts were at the central part of cone and all were lined with simple cuboidal epithelium except thin segments were lined with squamous cells. The salt gland were consisted of lobules surrounded by thick connective tissue capsule and each has mass of branched tubuloacinar secretory unites. The latter were made up by single layer of cuboidal cells. The tubules lead into central duct lined by double layer of cuboidal cells while the main duct lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium. The secretory units of salt gland gave negative reaction to PAS and combined AB (pH 2.5) and PAS stains and this indicate the absence of neutral mucosubstances. The results concluded that the kidneys in great flamingo was small size organ with low relative weight in compare to birds size and the salt glands was active organ.
Highlights
Chloride while bird consume large amount of formalin and prepared for routine histological salt than its more ability of renal excretion (6 paraffin technique and the tissue sections of kidney have been stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin–phloxine stain, while section of salt gland have been stained with H and E stain and for detection the glycogen and neutral mucopolysaccharid the sections have stained with combined Alcian blue (AB) (2.5 pH) and Periodic Acid-Schiff stain (PAS) to distinction between acidic and neutral mucopolysaccharid (8).The measurements of renal corpuscles, diameter of renal tubules and the volumes of the cortex and medulla were done with oculometer
This result was in parallel with (14) who mentioned that the left kidney in laying hens tends to be longer than the right kidney
The present findings suggested that the relative kidney weight didn't affect by the active salt glands and this disagree with (16) who mentioned that the kidney mass is relatively larger in those birds with active salt glands
Summary
This study was designed to explain the anatomy and histology of kidneys and salt glands in. Within medulla the thick and thin segments were arranged at the peripheral zone of medullary cone while the collecting ducts were at the central part of cone and all were lined with simple cuboidal epithelium except thin segments were lined with squamous cells. The salt gland were consisted of lobules surrounded by thick connective tissue capsule and each has mass of branched tubuloacinar secretory unites. The latter were made up by single layer of cuboidal cells. The results concluded that the kidneys in great flamingo was small size organ with low relative weight in compare to birds size and the salt glands was active organ. There are six species anatomy and histology of both organs in this bird
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