Anatomic Trajectory for Iliac Screw Placement in Pediatric Scoliosis and Spondylolisthesis: An Alternative to S2-Alar Iliac Portal

Abstract

Study DesignSingle-center retrospective study. ObjectiveTo analyze two-year postoperative outcomes following spinopelvic fixation in pediatric patients using the anatomic trajectory (AT) portal for iliac screws. SummaryIliac fixation is crucial in situations requiring fusion to sacrum. Challenges include complex anatomy, pelvic deformation, severe deformity, and previous surgery. The PSIS portal requires significant dissection, rod connectors, and complex bends. The SAI portal requires navigating the screw across the SI joint to the ilium. The anatomic trajectory (AT), first reported in 2009, is between the PSIS and SAI portal, without prominence, connectors, or complex bends. MethodsFifty-four patients aged ≤18 years requiring instrumentation to the Ilium with minimum follow-up of two years (mean 44 months) were clinically and radiographically evaluated. Changes in coronal curve magnitude and pelvic obliquity were assessed using paired t test for patients with cerebral palsy. Spondylolisthesis reduction was assessed in patients with moderate- to high-grade spondylolisthesis (Meyerding grade 3 and 4). ResultsA total of 108 iliac screws were inserted using AT portal in 54 patients. Twenty-eight neuromuscular and syndromic patients had an initial mean coronal curve of 85° corrected to 23° at two years (p < .001) and a pelvic obliquity of 22° corrected to 4° (p < .001). Twenty patients with moderate- to high-grade spondylolisthesis treated with reduction and interbody fixation improved significantly with respect to their slip angles (7° ± 14.7° to −7.9° ± 6.1°, p = .003). In the neuromuscular group, two surgical site infections occurred, two had implant fractures, and 12 had asymptomatic iliac screw loosening, none requiring revision. In the spondylolisthesis group, there were no neurologic complications and one had prominent screw requiring removal. Of 108 iliac screws, 2 rod connectors were employed. ConclusionIliac screw insertion using the AT portal is a safe and effective method of pelvic fixation in pediatric patients with satisfactory radiographic correction and minimal complications. Level of EvidenceLevel 4.