Anatomic Imaging of Gluteal Perforator Flaps without Ionizing Radiation: Seeing Is Believing with Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Abstract

Preoperative imaging is essential for abdominal perforator flap breast reconstruction because it allows for preoperative perforator selection, resulting in improved operative efficiency and flap design. The benefits of visualizing the vasculature preoperatively also extend to gluteal artery perforator flaps. Initially, our practice used computed tomography angiography (CTA) to image the gluteal vessels. However, with advances in magnetic resonance imaging angiography (MRA), perforating vessels of 1-mm diameter can reliably be visualized without exposing patients to ionizing radiation or iodinated intravenous contrast. In our original MRA protocol to image abdominal flaps, we found the accuracy of MRA compared favorably with CTA. With our increased experience with MRA, we decided to use MRA to image gluteal flaps. Technical changes were made to the MRA protocol to improve image quality and extend the field of view. Using our new MRA protocol, we can image the vasculature of the buttock, abdomen, and upper thigh in one study. We have found that the spatial resolution of MRA is sufficient to accurately map gluteal perforating vessels, as well as provide information on vessel caliber and course. This article details our experience with preoperative imaging for gluteal perforator flap breast reconstruction.