Abstract
Anaplastic (undifferentiated) thyroid carcinoma is a highly aggressive malignancy that usually presents with a rapidly growing neck mass in older patients, with hoarseness, dysphasia, and vocal cord paralysis. This tumor accounts for 1–2 % of thyroid malignancies. The annual incidence of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is 1–2 in 1,000,000 people, and the overall incidence is higher in Europe and areas of endemic goiter than in the United States. These tumors are composed of undifferentiated cells with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features supporting epithelial differentiation. One third of anaplastic carcinomas are associated with a better-differentiated thyroid carcinoma and may represent dedifferentiation. Anaplastic carcinomas must be differentiated from poorly differentiated carcinoma metastatic to the thyroid, lymphoma, and sarcoma. The paucicellular variant of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma must be differentiated from Riedel (fibrous) thyroiditis.
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