Analyzing Two Decades of Literature on Experiences of Familial Mental Illness Stigma in Four Advanced Countries (2000–2020)

Abstract

Background Mental illness-related stigma does not only emanate from the public but also within families of persons with mental illnesses. Familial mental illness stigma implies family members perpetuating stigma against their loved ones with mental illnesses. Aims The aim of this review was to analyze the empirical literature on experiences of familial mental illness stigma in four countries. Methods Using seven databases, we reviewed 133 empirical studies with 26 meeting the inclusion criteria. Each of the 26 studies spoke to various forms of familial mental illness stigma that potentially impact the self-esteem and self-worth of the affected person. Results Findings from this review show the existence of familial mental illness stigma in high-income countries, highlighting the need for evidence-based policies to safeguard affected persons at the family level. Close relatives stigmatizing their loved ones due to mental illnesses have contributed to the concealment of mental illness diagnoses within families, which often results in poor prognoses. Conclusions Family members’ understanding of mental illnesses is key in confronting the stigma associated with mental disorders in our communities, but this is contingent on continuous comprehensive familial program and education. Constant social support from community services and family members is essential in the recovery of persons with mental illnesses. This underscores the need for a stigma-free environment at all levels of society to ensure all-inclusiveness which calls for a comprehensive strategy that targets policy changes, public education, and media representations of mental health-related problems.