Abstract
We analyzed the transverse momentum spectra of positively and negatively charged pions (π+ and π−), positively and negatively charged kaons (K+ and K−), protons and antiprotons (p and p¯), as well as ϕ produced in mid-(pseudo)rapidity region in central nucleus–nucleus (AA) collisions over a center-of-mass energy range from 2.16 to 2760 GeV per nucleon pair. The transverse momentum of the considered particle is regarded as the joint contribution of two participant partons which obey the modified Tsallis-like transverse momentum distribution and have random azimuths in superposition. The calculation of transverse momentum distribution of particles is performed by the Monte Carlo method and compared with the experimental data measured by international collaborations. The excitation functions of effective temperature and other parameters are obtained in the considered energy range. With the increase of collision energy, the effective temperature parameter increases quickly and then slowly. The boundary appears at around 5 GeV, which means the change of reaction mechanism and/or generated matter.
Highlights
After the initial stage of heavy-ion collisions, the system undergoes to a pre-equilibrium phase, followed by the de-confined quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase and a possible mixing phase, in which it should display at least a signal of the first-order phase transition
The solid curves represent the result of our fit by using the Monte Carlo method based on the modified Tsallis distribution
We have used a new method to analyze the p T spectra of identified particles produced in central AA collisions
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The space-time evolution of hadron–hadron, hadron–nucleus, and nucleus–nucleus (AA) or heavy-ion collisions is a complex process which involves different degrees of freedom under different spatiotemporal coordinates. Because of this complexity, it is difficult to use a theory to describe the development of the entire system. The behavior of T0 with the collision energy is known to increase from a few GeV to 7 or 10 GeV, after which the trend becomes indefinitely saturated, increscent, or decrescent This indefinite trend is caused by the different exclusions of flow effect.
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