Analyzing the “When of How” Phenomena Manifest in Information Systems Research: A Critical Review of Conditional Process Analysis and its Recent Advancements

Abstract

Conditional process analysis has garnered significant attention as an analytical technique, and the literature has progressed to accommodate intricate combinations of conditional process models. As the field of information systems witnesses a growing use of conditional process models in empirical research, there is a need to develop a shared understanding of the technique to advance theory-building efforts. Considering the significant emphasis on context-specific theorizing in the discipline, we reviewed the technique’s application, focusing on publications in the Senior Scholars’ Basket of Journals. By conducting a critical review of 72 articles published over the past two decades, we identified variations in the technique’s application and underscored optimal approaches for scholars to consider. Furthermore, recent advances were deliberated upon. Drawing from the observations and recommendations, we assert that this study is poised to reorient thought processes within the information systems discipline, encouraging the exploration of novel perspectives for richer theorizing in the field.