Abstract
Developing countries' external debt is a strategic tool used by creditor countries to exert pressure on debtor countries, creating a complex dynamic. This article explores the determinants of Iraq's external debt. The methodology used includes unit root tests, long-run and short-run analyzes using autoregressive distributed (ARDL) models, and diagnostic tests to ensure model validity. The results reveal that external debt has a significant negative impact in the long and short term on non-oil economic growth in Iraq. The study suggests wise strategies for managing debt, diversifying sources of financing, and prioritizing political stability and infrastructure development to promote economic growth.
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