Abstract
Over several decades, unplanned urbanization is increasing CO2 emissions due to higher energy demand from industrial activities, transportation, and waste management. The present study assesses the link between urbanization and CO2 emissions in Pakistan from 1985 to 2020 by controlling FDI, access to electricity, and institution quality. The empirical results are estimated by using the ARDL approach while causality is extracted through the Granger Causality test. The empirical findings depict that urbanization leads to CO2 emissions. Furthermore, institutional quality declines CO2 emissions, while FDI and access to electricity significantly increase CO2 emissions. The Granger Causality results indicate a bidirectional causality between electricity access and CO2 emissions. At the same time, CO2 emissions and urbanization show unidirectional causality. The study suggests that Pakistan needs to promote an environment-friendly energy consumption pattern
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
