Analyzing the Hypothalamus/Pituitary/Interrenal axis of the neopterygian fish, Lepisosteus oculatus: Co-localization of MC2R, MC5R, MRAP1, and MRAP2 in interrenal cells

Abstract

RT-PCR analysis indicated that steroidogenic tissues are located along the length of the kidney of the neopterygian fish, Lepisosteus oculatus (spotted gar; g). However, RT-PCR analysis of the distribution of mc2r mRNA and mrap1 mRNA, critical components of the gar hypothalamus/pituitary/interrenal (HPI) axis, was only associated with the anterior and medial regions of the kidney. Steroidogenic cells were designated as interrenal cells that possess star mRNA (in situ hybridization) and lipid vesicles (histological analysis) within the kidney. RT-PCR also detected mc5r mRNA along the length of the tissues associated with the kidney. In situ hybridization analysis of the putative interrenal cells revealed co-expression of mc2r, and mc5r mRNAs in the same steroidogenic cells. Co-expression of gar Mc2r (gMc2r) and Mrap1 (gMrap1) in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells stimulated with ACTH(1–24) resulted in activation with an EC50 value of 1.0 × 10−11M +/− 4.6 × 10−11); whereas stimulation of CHO cells co-expressed with gar Mc5r (gMc5r) and gMrap1 and stimulated with ACTH(1–24) resulted in an EC50 value that was 3 orders of magnitude lower (2.1 × 10−8 M +/− 3.5 × 10−9). Interesting, when CHO cells were co-transfected with gMc2r, gMc5r, and gMrap1 there was a decline in activation as measured by the Vmax values for CHO cells stimulated with either ACTH(1–24) or α-MSH. These results suggest that some interaction may occur between gMc2r and gMc5r when both receptors are expressed in the same cells. Phylogenetic and selection pressure analyses of vertebrate mc2r and mc5r genes concluded that the two genes are evolving at different rates after duplication from a proposed common ancestral gene.