Abstract
Critical Discourse Analysis considers language use to be a form of social practice, and it is frequently used in political discourse, including written, verbal and visual public speeches. The last sermon of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is presented in this article as a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in the perspective of social discrimination, inequity and racism. The study explores how the sermon brings about the true picture of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad’s view has been reflected through textual and stylistic discussion in the study. This study also focuses the ideology of Prophet Muhammad PBUH that is revealed through the linguistic choices in the sermon and how the relationship between Muslim and Non-Muslim in the broader socio-cultural and political sense is represented. To achieve the goals of the study Fairclaugh’s 3D Model was opted. The Prophet (PBUH) teaches his followers how to live-in peace with others, connect with them, and communicate with them without jeopardizing their own identities or the Muslims' sense of self. The findings of the study are that the Prophet's Farewell Sermon is seen as a road map for humankind, ensuring happiness, well-being, and prosperity for all people regardless of race, color, language, or other factors. The Prophet’s expert use of the available media at the time added to the sermon's effectiveness. Teaching His disciples how to communicate and disseminate the sermon's teachings throughout the world. Furthermore, the study found that the Prophet's tremendous rhetorical and linguistic eloquence in placing words, phrases, sentences, and other elements in their right contexts played a crucial part in expressing His intended meanings to His audience. The study has some limitations as researchers could not analyse each element at the textual level, although they had given a little detail in the quantitative analysis of the text. The researchers suggest that future researchers go for complete analysis at the textual level and explore other potential areas.
Highlights
1 Discourse is known as the speech patterns and inside the community usage of language and dialects
The researcher will offer these findings in terms of or in the form of replies to the study's questions, as follows: What are the important issues that the Prophet (PBUH) addresses in his Farewell Sermon as a powerful leader to help the society of His audience, in particular, and all people all over the world, in general, eliminate the problem of racial discrimination and prove that Islam and Muslims are not racists, terrorists, violent, and so on? According to the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) interpretation of the Prophet's Farewell Sermon, the Prophet (PBUH) and His honest followers are neither racists, violent, tyrannical, or have animatic attitudes toward members of other religions, as the Western people and media have claimed
It has addressed the notions of anti-racial discrimination in the Prophet's Farewell Sermon using the CDA method, which is primarily concerned with power relations in the language
Summary
CDA, according to Fairclough (1992) is a sort of discourse analysis that finds unusual relationships between various racial and ethnic groups. It focuses on text and chronological actions demonstrating uneven and ideologically influenced power relations. He examines how power is exercised in modern society through the elite's hegemonic attitude and ideological language In discourse analysis, he distinguishes three levels. He believes that lexical and grammatical patterns in a dialogue reveal a speaker's social origin and identity He contends that language shapes discourse and that power is exercised as a result of opposing sociopolitical ideas relations. Language is used for more than only describing objects, according to Brown and Yule (1985)
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