Analyzing the correlation between thermal and kinematic parameters in various multiplicity classes within 7 and 13 TeV pp collisions

Abstract

Abstract We investigate the transverse momentum spectra of identified particles at 7 TeV and 13 TeV in pp collisions in the framework of the blast wave model with Tsallis statistics (TBW). Based on experimental data by ALICE Collaboration, we observe that the model describes the $p_T$ spectra well with the common Tsallis temperature ($T$) and flow velocity ($\beta_T$) but separate non-extensive parameters ($q$) for baryons and mesons. The parameter dependence on multiplicity as well as on collision energy is investigated, and a strong dependence on the former while a weak dependence on the latter is reported. The extracted parameters in this work consist of the initial temperature (\(T_i\)), the average transverse momentum (\( \langle p_T \rangle \)), the Tsallis temperature (\(T\)), flow velocity (\(\beta_T\)), and the non-extensive parameter (\(q\)). These parameters are found to increase a little with increasing energy, however, they (except the parameter $q$) decrease significantly with decreasing multiplicity. We observe that $\beta_T$ drops to zero after the multiplicity class VII, while, $T$ and $q$ do not change their behavior. 
Furthermore, our analysis explore the correlations among different parameters, including associations with the charged particle multiplicity per unit pseudorapidity (\(\langle dN_{ch}/d\eta\rangle\)). The correlation between \(T\) and \(\beta_T\),
$T$ and \( \langle dN_{ch}/d\eta\rangle \), $\beta_T$ and \( \langle dN_{ch}/d\eta\rangle \), $T_i$ and \( \langle p_T \rangle \) and $T_i$ and \( \langle dN_{ch}/d\eta\rangle \) demonstrates a positive relationship, 
while, the correlation between \(T\) and \(q-1\), and $q-1$ and \( \langle dN_{ch}/d\eta\rangle \) is negative. Finally, we implement an extra flow correction on the \(T\) parameter. Our findings reveal that the Doppler-corrected temperature parameter aligns closely with the \(T\) in scenarios with lower multiplicities. However, as the multiplicity increases, a noticeable divergence emerges between these parameters, indicating a widening separation between them.