Abstract
North Bandung Area (NBA) was designated as a protected area to regulate the water system around Bandung City. Land conversion from vegetated land into built-up areas can decrease groundwater, increase the risk of floods, landslides, and Land Surface Temperature (LST). This study was conducted to describe LST distribution based on land cover types in specific years of 2010, 2014, and 2018. Landsat 5 and 8 Surface Reflectance (SR) Tier 1 imagery data, West Java land cover maps established by BAPPEDA West Java, and RBI administration maps at a scale of 1: 25,000 were used to generate a map of land cover and LST in this research. There are four land cover classes in NBA, i.e., vegetation, water bodies, open areas, and constructed areas. Within eight years observation (2010 to 2018), bare land decreased from 67.6% (2010) to 57.5% (2018). However, coverage of constructed areas increased within eight years of observation from 22.8% to 27.7 %. In addition, due to the reforestation program, vegetation coverage has slightly increased from 9.6% to 14.7%. LST can be classified into three classes, i.e., low, medium, and high temperature. The area with low and medium-class temperatures decreased from 19% to 16% and 61.3% to 51.7%, respectively. However, high LST increased in NBA 18.7% to 30.3%. The enhancement of 5% vegetation area did not significantly reduce land surface temperature in NBA due to forest conversion to constructed area. Therefore, vegetation coverage must be escalated by reforestation program around NBA to reduce land surface temperature.
Highlights
North Bandung Area (NBA) is well-known for its natural resources
NBA is a protected area based on the Regulation of the Province of West Java Number 2 of 2016 about Guidelines for Controlling the North Bandung Area as a Strategic Area for West Java Province [4]
According to Saha et al [23], these four land cover classes were based on the sensitivity of an object on the earth's surface to certain wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that were detected by a specific band on the satellite sensor
Summary
North Bandung Area (NBA) is well-known for its natural resources. NBA is a protected area based on the Regulation of the Province of West Java Number 2 of 2016 about Guidelines for Controlling the North Bandung Area as a Strategic Area for West Java Province [4]. Based on the Directorate of Geology and Environmental Management data, 60% of 108,000,000 m3 groundwater flows into the Bandung Basin from the NBA [6]. NBA is a basin-shaped highland [7]. This area has several tributaries that flow into the Citarum River [8]. This landscape makes NBA vulnerable to various natural disasters such as floods, landslides, and erosion [7]. Land utilization in the NBA must be carried out in a controlled manner to maintain the function of water absorption and natural disasters prevention in the NBA and the area below it
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