Abstract
The primary goal of this study is to comprehend the effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate pattern on groundwater storage (GWS) in the South Atlantic-Gulf Region. Groundwater issues are complex and different studies focused on groundwater depletion while few emphasized “groundwater rise”. The current research is designed to develop an outline for assessing how climate patterns can affect groundwater fluctuation, which might lead to groundwater rise. The study assessed the effect of ENSO phases on spatiotemporal variability of groundwater using Spearman Rank Correlation. A significant positive correlation between ENSO and GWS was observed. An increasing trend was detected in GWS where most grids were observed in Florida by utilizing the non-parametric Mann–Kendall test. A positive trend magnitude was also detected by utilizing Theil–Sen’s Slope method with a high magnitude in the mid-Florida region. The highest GWS anomalies were observed in the peak of El Niño events and the lowermost GWS was observed during La Niña events. Furthermore, most of the stations were above normal groundwater conditions. This study provides a better insight on the research gap among groundwater rise and ENSO.
Highlights
Water resources planning and management is a fundamental step to ensure equitable and sustainable use of available surface and groundwater resources
The study will address the following key questions: (1) What is the historic spatiotemporal variation in GWS? (2) Does groundwater have a significant relationship with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)? (3) Is groundwater level rising or falling? The specific objectives of this study are (1) analyzing the correlation between groundwater and ENSO climatic teleconnection using non-parametric Spearman rank correlation; (2) temporal trend analysis of groundwater storage; and (3) analyzing groundwater rise based on groundwater storage anomaly-negative anomaly indicate lower monthly groundwater level (GWL) and positive indicates higher than normal GWL
A strong El Niño event is occurring during positive Groundwater Storage Anomaly (GWSA) and the strong La Niña event is appearing during negative GWSA
Summary
Water resources planning and management is a fundamental step to ensure equitable and sustainable use of available surface and groundwater resources. The progressive development of the water resources is possible by limiting the available resources to external forces like population growth, climate change, land-use change, and extreme events which have a cumulative impact on the hydrological cycle. The hydrologic process governs the functioning of the overall ecosystem which is being altered by modifying the biophysical structures that obstruct the water cycle. Groundwater is one of the key components of the hydrologic cycle and plays a vital role in balancing the ecosystem. The effects in the hydrological cycle due to climate variability and change are significant [1]. Groundwater is a dynamic and complex system, and its sustainability is the main challenge as it is an extensive resource even without considering climate variability and change
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
