Analyzing Phytoextracts based nano‐emulsion system for the neuroprotective activity against Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the WHO projections globally, dementia has afflicted roughly 55 million people worldwide by 2022, with 10 million new cases being identified every year. Thus, from this data information, we can conclude that central nervous system (CNS) disorders are becoming more common and prevalent worldwide. And amongst all CNS‐related diseases, one of the most concerning aspects is the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease which has become the most common trait in the world’s ageing population. AD is also known as the most challenging kind of dementia to cure. Pathologically in AD, the static loss of cortical neurons causes the deterioration of neuronal connections and circuits, which results in a range of progressive neocortical degeneration linked to the buildup of Aβ plaques. It is challenging to treat AD due to a number of inescapable physiological limits, including circulation blockages, medication permeability and degradation, and other factors. As a result, the drug’s capacity to reach the brain’s afflicted regions is restricted, and the CNS is unable to absorb therapeutic molecules passively.MethodTherefore, the idea of nanotherapeutics has evolved into a feasible technique for CNS‐based drug delivery. In our research, we computationally assessed the efficacy of the traditionally renowned Indian Ayurvedic medicinal plants Bacopa monnieri and Withania somnifera, used for their capacity to provide neuroprotective effects, especially in the case of CNS disorders. After being altered to achieve the nanometric size range, they were then created for the nano‐emulsions system.ResultAccording to the computational findings, synthetic extracts had a higher binding affinity for CNS‐related biomarkers than conventional medicines. Subsequently, using an aqueous titration approach, an oil‐in‐water (o/w) nano‐emulsion system was devised for Withania somnifera and Bacopa monnieri standard extracts in suitable and optimized excipients (Almond oil, Triacetin, Ethanol). The nanometric size range (100‐300 nm) of the optimized nanoformulations showed a substantially higher level of neuroprotective potential than their extracts, according to the characterization results.ConclusionIn conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the developed formulation has potential therapeutic effects on improving the pathological state of AD, and might be taken further as a promising candidate for clinical research to evaluate its efficacy in human.