Analyzing knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19: The second cross-sectional survey in the Cabo Verdean population

Abstract

ContextThe emergence and increase of cases of the new coronavirus in Cabo Verde led to the implementation of several infection control measures. However, the success of these measures depends largely on the population's knowledge about the disease and their commitment to fighting it. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices of the resident Cabo Verdean population regarding COVID-19. MethodologyA cross-sectional study was carried out among 2754 participants aged 12 and above. The data collection instrument, a questionnaire, was applied in the field by trained surveyors. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Spearman correlation, and simple and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the sample's determinants of knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19. ResultsOf the 2754 study participants, 1331 (48.3%) were male. The mean age of the respondents was 28.5 years (SD = 14.1). The overall knowledge rate was 79%. Logistic regression analysis showed that knowledge was significantly associated with secondary education or higher (p < 0.001), marital status married or de facto partnership (p < 0.001), and residence in the urban area of São Vicente (p = 0.025). The rate of correct answers concerning attitudes was 75.7%, with the majority of respondents agreeing with the measures implemented by the authorities in managing the pandemic (n = 2272; 82.9%). The results show considerable hesitation concerning the vaccine, which is significantly associated with the age group 18 to 30 (p < 0.001). Practices obtained the lowest scores, and physical distancing was one of the preventive measures least complied with. Binary logistic regression revealed a significant association between sex, age, education, and marital status with practices. Knowledge (rho = 0.1436; p < 0.001) and attitudes (rho = 0.1068; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with practices. ConclusionFinancial difficulties seem to hinder compliance with infection control measures. Public health policies may have greater adherence if accompanied by social and economic support strategies. Studies investigating the behavior of infected persons during the infection period may provide helpful information in understanding the mechanisms underlying the virus transmission in the country.