Analyzing Iran’s Policies towards Afghan Asylum Seekers through the Lenses of Public Choice Theory

Abstract

This over fifty years, Afghans have sought refuge in various countries due to the lack of security in their homeland. The recent Taliban takeover in August 2021 led to a significant influx of asylum seekers. Afghanistan's persistent instability and conflicts have transformed it into a major source of asylum seekers worldwide. This essay delves into Iran's policies towards Afghan refugees, with a specific focus on the shifts that have occurred since 1989. The analysis employs the framework of public choice theory, highlighting policymakers' prioritization of interest maximization. The essay's first section studies geostrategic importance of Afghanistan and its impact on neighbThe proximity of Afghanistan to Iran makes regional stability a crucial national interest for Iran. Moreover, Iran has had to recalibrate its asylum seeker policies to address potential challenges posed by the influx of Afghan refugees.The second section, examines the evolution of Iranian policies towards Afghan asylum seekers over the past few decades. It analyzes the distinct approaches taken by five Iranian presidents: Hashemi Rafsanjani, Mohammad Khatami, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Hassan Rouhani, and Ebrahim Raisi. The analysis takes into consideration economic, political, social, and cultural factors that influenced these policy shifts.In conclusion, this essay evaluates the shifts in Iranian policies towards Afghan asylum seekers and their ramifications for both Iran and the Afghan refugees. Public choice theory's lens illuminates the motivations behind policy changes, highlighting the delicate balance between national interests and humanitarian considerations.