Abstract
Orbital platforms spectral sensitivity can be a major limitation in ascertaining detailed identification and mapping of arboreal ecosystems. Field-derived spectral signatures using a narrow-band sensor, for example, ASD (Analytical Spectral Devices, Boulder, CO, USA) FieldSpec® Pro cover a spectral FR (Full Range) of 350 - 2500 nm exceeding spectral sensitivities of commonly used orbital platforms. The plausibility of deriving a spectral library of trees or forests within a training set is venerable. On the other hand, diagnostic spectral features between tree species or types are inherently difficult to ascertain from orbital platforms. This is so especially when the spectral library is applied to a demarcated region beyond the extents of training set. Basic suborbital limitations in detailed identification of trees and forests are presented in this study. We draw attention to spectral or temporal deficiencies and offer probable solutions depending on preferred or optimal spectral sensitivities. For example, Hyperion with 220 bands (400 - 2500 nm), one of the three primary instruments on the EO-1 spacecraft, has narrow bandwidths and covers the entire range of the spectral profiles collected for North Dakota tree species. With a 30 m spatial resolution, it is still useful in species identification in moderate stands of forest. Hyperion is a tasking satellite with limited passes over North Dakota (≈7% of total area) limiting its use as a platform of choice for statewide forest resource mapping.
Highlights
Greater accuracy and consistency in mapping leaf and canopy reflectance and/or radiance is necessary to fully understand environmental or biophysical characteristics that may govern arboreal vibrancy or senescence
As a consequence forest dynamics and other arboreal analyses that would immensely benefit from a spectral Full Range (FR) of the electromagnetic radiation are hampered
The largest spectral angles, occurring primarily between coniferous and deciduous leaves are shown in a reddish-brown color
Summary
Greater accuracy and consistency in mapping leaf and canopy reflectance and/or radiance is necessary to fully understand environmental or biophysical characteristics that may govern arboreal vibrancy or senescence. To date the full potential of remotely sensed data analysis for monitoring processes on the earth surface is still not fully employed [1] due to spectral sensitivity limitations on orbital platforms amongst other factors. To address C sequestration per each individual tree species, spectral limitations are factors to consider in addition to spatial resolution and pixel composition. In SMA, reflected radiance spectra are mixtures of “pure” (endmembers) spectra, which can be determined using a field spectroradiometer [11]. This cyclic argument further illustrates that for SMA to be effective; it is prudent to have correct in situ data
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