Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is the major pathway by which neurohormonal and mechanical stimuli act upon cardiomyocytes which gives the response to these stimuli. It leads to heart failure and ventricular dilation which is the main root of mortality in the western world. Many molecular targets are controlling cardiac hypertrophy development which may influence the growth factors signaling, cytokine release and gene expression. Through clinical trials on different models, recent research shows that cardiac hypertrophy might be inhibited or reversed. These findings have developed a vast drive to recognize specific and novel regulators of cardiac hypertrophy. Many molecular targets and signaling modulators have been studied in this review that induce the hypertrophic response which may involve MAPK pathway, oxidative stress, calcineurin, Cardiac angiogenesis, serum protein concentration, microRNA, and periodontitis. For the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy, the scientific knowledge of these signaling pathways and factors may be translated into potential nutritional and molecular therapies for the betterment of this diseases. The current and previous knowledge of molecular markers can be compiled in this review for the treatment of the molecular pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy.
Highlights
Diseases of cardiac remain the prime root of death in the world, with congestive heart failure that illustrates the major cause and rapidly growing subclass over the past decade (Ali, El-Dahshan, & Yahia, 2017)
Many molecular targets and signaling modulators have been studied in this review that induce the hypertrophic response which may involve MAPK pathway, oxidative stress, calcineurin, Cardiac angiogenesis, serum protein concentration, microRNA, and periodontitis
Structural heart diseases or myocardial Infarction is linked with the reexpression of fetal cardiac genes such as genes that code for β-myosin chain and natriuretic peptides (Dukkipati et al, 2017)
Summary
Diseases of cardiac remain the prime root of death in the world, with congestive heart failure that illustrates the major cause and rapidly growing subclass over the past decade (Ali, El-Dahshan, & Yahia, 2017). Different molecular mechanisms are reported to be involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac transcription factors directly regulate many cardiac genes and play a leading vital role in the upregulation of hypertrophied myocardium (Churko et al, 2018). Gupta identifies oxidative stress as one of the major factors involved in cardiac hypertrophy development (Gupta, Das, & Sen, 2007). Experiments on cultured cardio myocytes identified that the upregulation of many miRNAs in heart failure induced molecular changes that are like seen in cardiac hypertrophy (Kura et al, 2019). Further In this review we will discuss details that how different molecular mechanisms and factors regulate cardiac hypertrophy and about therapeutic targets in the future that many novel therapeutic drugs and mechanisms are predicted by characterized signaling circuits for heart diseases treatment
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
