Abstract
In this paper, a high-performance antenna array system model is presented to analyze moving-object-skin-returns and track them in the presence of stationary objects using frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW). The main features of the paper are bonding the aspects of antenna array and electromagnetic (EM) wave multi-skin-return modeling and simulation (M&S) with the aspects of algorithm and measurement/tracking system architecture. The M&S aspect models both phase and amplitude of the signal waveform from a transmitter to the signal processing in a receiver. In the algorithm aspect, a novel scheme for FMCW signal processing is introduced by combining time- and frequency-domain methods, including a vector moving target indication filter and a vector direct current canceller in time-domain, and a constant false alarm rate detector and a mono-pulse digital beamforming angle tracker in frequency-domain. In addition, unlike previous designs of using M × N fast Fourier transform (FFT) for an M × N array, only four FFTs are used, which tremendously save time and space in hardware. With the presented model, the detection of the moving-target-skin-return in stationary objects under a noisy environment is feasible. Therefore, to track long range and high-speed objects, the proposed technique is promising. Using a scenario having (1) a target with 17 dBm2 radar cross section (RCS) at about 40 km range with 5.936 Mach speed and 11.6 dB post processing signal to noise ratio, and (2) a strong stationary clutter with 37 dBm2 RCS located at the proximity of the target, it demonstrates that the root-mean-square errors of range, angle, and Doppler measurements are about 26 m, 0.68 degree, and 1100 Hz, respectively.
Highlights
Detecting and tracking moving targets’ locations, Doppler frequencies, and velocities based on the target-skin-return is the main function of modern electromagnetic (EM)based tracking and measurement systems, e.g., radars [1]
Successful EM propagation and antenna array modeling for this detection and tracking process in software is important for the designing of such systems for radar electronic warfare studies
All the models can be implemented in real time on digital hardware like field programmable gate array (FPGA) and application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for real time applications
Summary
Detecting and tracking moving targets’ locations, Doppler frequencies, and velocities based on the target-skin-return is the main function of modern electromagnetic (EM)based tracking and measurement systems, e.g., radars [1]. We present the use of numerical models for analyzing the EM skin return of moving targets in the presence of stationary clutters and receiver noise with Simulink software. The main models include the “point-reflector” target simulation model, the simplified radio frequency (RF) frontend, and the digital beamforming (DBF) receiver. The features of the paper are to tie the aspects of antenna array and EM wave multi-skin-returns (target and clutter) modeling and simulation (M&S) with the aspects of algorithm and system architecture. It applies the DBF antenna array theory and 3-domain (time-, frequency-, and Doppler-domain) based signal processing theory to the system under design. We first review the recent frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW)
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