Abstract
The response of a quantum-mechanical multilevel system to external probe fields can often be formulated in terms of frequency-modulated oscillators. Experimental observation of the line shapes associated with a certain transition then gives information on the microscopic processes that are responsible for the frequency modulation. Model calculations have been very involved so far. We therefore present a model for the frequency modulation for which the response of the oscillator can be solved in closed form. The model is applied to the problem of microwave absorption of tumbling paramagnetic centra in liquid-crystalline systems. Explicit expressions for the absorption line-shape functions are derived, and their analytical structure in the frequency domain discussed
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