Abstract
This article reviews recent analytical techniques using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) immunoassay for clinical and bio analysis. We classified the techniques into two categories, direct and indirect analysis, which depend upon a guideline of whether tagging materials are used or not. Direct analysis is well known, and generally used in con-junction with various other techniques, such as laser ablation, chromatographic separations, etc. Recently, indirect analysis using tagging elements has intensively been discussed because of its importance in future applications to bio and clinical analysis, including environmental and food industries. The method has shown advantages of multiplex detection, excellent sensitivity, and short analysis time owing to signal amplification and magnetic separation. Now, it expands the application field from small bio-molecules to large cells.
Highlights
Coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) is one of the most commonly used analytical instruments for metal detection in various fields owing to its noteworthy features, including high sensitivity to trace level elements, good linear dynamic range, multiplex detection, and low detection limits.[1]
It can be used in conjunction with other equipment, such as highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC),[2] liquid chromatography (LC),[3] gas chromatography (GC),[4] size exclusion chromatography (SEC),[5,6] and so on
In order to achieve the purpose, it requires more sample treatment steps than direct analysis, indicating long analysis times and toilsome efforts. It has the advantages of multiplex detection and high sensitivity owing to various tagging elements with no interference in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Summary
Coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) is one of the most commonly used analytical instruments for metal detection in various fields owing to its noteworthy features, including high sensitivity to trace level elements, good linear dynamic range, multiplex detection, and low detection limits.[1]. Information when biomolecules are mixed with various matrices and certain metals, which resulted in low sensitivity, poor reliability, and high backgrounds due to the complicated matrix For those reasons, separation techniques such as LC, HPLC, GC, and gel electrophoresis have been used to extract or separate certain target molecules from the matrix. One of the typical direct methods has been known as metallomics, proposed by Hiroki Haraguchi in a study of metal-containing biomolecules or metalloproteins of organisms.[14] Even though metals are not the main elements in a body, they play important roles in the functioning of biological systems. LA-ICP-MS was combined with microarray chip sampling for the determination of
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