Analytical study on the primary and secondary organic carbon and elemental carbon in the particulate matter at the high-altitude Monte Curcio GAW station, Italy.

Abstract

This study provides a thorough investigation of the trends of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in particulate matter (PM)10 and PM2.5 samples collected at the Monte Curcio Observatory (1780 m a.s.l.), a station of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program and Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) network. Although the drawn attention toward these pollutants, there is still a lack of data for southern Italy, and this work is a contribution toward the filling of this gap. PM was sampled daily in 2016 and analyzed by thermo-optical transmittance method, while equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentrations in PM10 were simultaneously measured using a multiangle absorption photometer. The results showed that in PM10, the average values of OC and EC were 1.43 μgC/m3 and 0.12 μgC/m3, whereas in PM2.5, these concentrations were 1.09 μgC/m3 and 0.12 μgC/m3, respectively. We detected a clear seasonal variability in OC and EC with higher concentrations during the warm period. Moreover, the analysis of the OC/EC ratio revealed that most of the carbonaceous aerosol was transported by long-range air masses, as further confirmed by the use of the concentration-weighed trajectory (CWT) model. The mass absorption cross-section at 632 nm of EC (MACEC) over the entire period was 9.67 ± 4.86 m2/g and 8.70 ± 3.18 m2/g in PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, and did not exhibit a clear seasonal variation. The concentrations for OC and EC were also used for the computation of the secondary organic carbon (SOC) content, whose outcomes resulted in a seasonal trend similar to those obtained for OC and EC. As regards the eBC, its weekly pattern showed a slight increase during the weekend in the warm period, consistent with the anthropic activities in the touristic area surrounding the observatory.