Abstract
A theoretical analysis for the sound field due to a point monopole source in a fluid, layered atmospheric environment is described. The analysis has included explicitly the effect of fluid motion in the three-dimensional wave equation. The atmospheric environment is assumed to have sound-speed and vector wind-velocity profiles that either increase or decrease monotonically with height. In addition, the atmosphere is assumed to be vertically stratified. In such an environment, the solution can be expressed analytically in terms of Airy functions but the forms of solution are different for the situations of upward and downward refraction. Some sound-speed and wind-velocity profiles are amenable to exact analyses. Two notable examples are (i) a windless environment with a linear sound-speed profile; and (ii) a medium with a linear wind shear layer and a constant sound speed. These two profiles are studied analytically and compared numerically with other computational schemes. The validity of a heuristic approximation, which replaces the vector wind-velocity profile with an effective sound-speed profile, is also investigated numerically.
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