Abstract
Analytical solutions to the ground-waterflow equation are derived for ten cases of hydraulic interaction between a stream and a confined, leaky, or water-table aquifer. The ten aquifer types for which analytical solutions are derived are: a semi-infinite or finite-width confined aquifer; a semi-infinite or finite-width leaky aquifer with constant head overlying the aquitard; a semi-infinite or finite-width leaky aquifer with an impermeable layer overlying the aquitard; a semi-infinite or finite-width leaky aquifer overlain by a water-table aquitard; and a semi-infinite or finite-width water-table aquifer. All aquifer types allow for the presence or absence of a uniform semipervious streambank. Of primary interest are newly derived solutions for water-table aquifers and for leaky aquifers overlain by water-table aquitards. Two computer programs are described that evaluate the analytical solutions for time-varying stream-stage or recharge stresses that are specified by the user. The programs can simulate the effects of stream-stage fluctuations for all aquifer types. However, simulation of basin-wide recharge or evapotranspiration at the water table is permitted only for water-table aquifers and leaky aquifers overlain by a water-table aquitard. For these aquifer types, effects of recharge or evapotranspiration can be simulated alone or in combination with stream-stage fluctuations. The computer programs use the convolution relation to calculate changes in ground-water levels at an observation well or observation piezometer, seepage rates at the stream-aquifer boundary, and bank storage. The program designated STLK1 was developed for application to confined and leaky aquifers, and the program designated STWT1 was developed for application to water-table aquifers. The programs can be applied to the analysis of a passing flood wave, determination of ground-water discharge rates in response to recharge, determination of aquifer hydraulic properties, design of streamaquifer data-collection networks, and testing of numerical-model computer codes. Instructions are provided for constructing the necessary data-input files for the programs, and three sample problems are described to provide examples of the uses of the programs.
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