Analytical perspective. Techniques for the quantification and speciation of phosphorus in natural waters

Abstract

The physico-chemical forms of phosphorus in natural waters are described and their significance in relation to biogeochemical processes discussed. Analytical techniques for the determination of orthophosphate and total phosphorus are summarized, with particular emphasis on various spectrophotometric methods. Physical and chemical approaches to sample treatment and speciation are presented and the importance of in situ techniques and the validation of results are highlighted.