Abstract
The analytical performance of axially and radially viewed inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometers (AX-ICP OES and RD-ICP OES, respectively) were evaluated in terms of the Mg II/Mg I ratio, matrix effects, and detection limits (LOD). All solutions were made in either 1% v v-1 nitric acid or in a 10% v v-1 water-soluble tertiary amine solution (CFA-C) adjusted to pH 8. Using a nebulization gas flow-rate of 0.5 L min-1 and applied power of 1.3 kW, Mg II/Mg I ratio was at least 15 in any medium for both configurations. Under robust conditions, plasma processes were practically not affected by the presence of 0.1% m v-1 of Ca, K, or Na in both configurations. However, interference effects were observed with non-robust conditions, mainly with AX-ICP OES in both media. The best detection limits were obtained using AX-ICP OES under robust conditions, with solutions prepared in the amine medium.
Highlights
Coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) is a multi-elementar technique that allows the determination of major, minor and trace elements in complex samples.[1]
The effects of nebulization gas flow-rate, radio frequency power and interference processes caused by 0.1% m v-1 of Ca, K, or Na in nitric acid or coal fly ash - C (CFA-C) on plasma robustness were evaluated in this work
According to the literature,[6] Mg II/Mg I ratios higher than 10 indicates a plasma with local thermodynamic equilibrium in optimum conditions of energy transfer and residence time
Summary
Coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) is a multi-elementar technique that allows the determination of major, minor and trace elements in complex samples.[1]. Analytical Performance of an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission when using a low nebulization gas flow-rate, an elevated radio frequency power, and a central injector tube with an internal diameter equal to or larger than 2.0 mm.[6,11] in spite of the improvement in atomizationexcitation conditions, these operational parameters can cause high background emission and poor detectability.[4] On the other hand, the use of the plasma with robust conditions cannot completely guarantee the total elimination of matrix effects[5] and may compromise the signal-to-background ratio (SBR) even when the axially viewed observation mode is employed.[7]. The effects of nebulization gas flow-rate, radio frequency power and interference processes caused by 0.1% m v-1 of Ca, K, or Na in nitric acid or coal fly ash - C (CFA-C) on plasma robustness were evaluated in this work. The ICP OES was calibrated using reference solutions containing 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg L-1 prepared from secondary stock solutions containing 100 mg L-1 of each evaluated metal (2 % v v-1 nitric acid medium) and purified water from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA)
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