Abstract
In the Fifth Generation of telecommunications networks (5G), it is possible to use massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, which require efficient receivers capable of reaching good performance values. MIMO systems can also be extended to massive MIMO (mMIMO) systems, while maintaining their, sometimes exceptional, performance. However, we must be aware that this implies an increase in the receiver complexity. Therefore, the use of mMIMO in 5G and future generations of mobile receivers will only be feasible if they use very efficient algorithms, so as to maintain their excellent performance, while coping with increasing and critical user demands. Having this in mind, this paper presents and compares three types of receivers used in MIMO systems, for further use with mMIMO systems, which use Single-Carrier with Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE), Iterative Block Decision Feedback Equalization (IB-DFE) and Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) techniques. This paper presents and compares the theoretical and simulated performance values for these receivers in terms of their Bit Error Rate (BER) and correlation factor. While one of the receivers studied in this paper achieves a BER performance nearly matching the Matched Filter Bound (MFB), the other receivers (IB-DFE and MRC) are more than 1 dB away from MFB. The results obtained in this paper can help the development of ongoing research involving hybrid analog/digital receivers for 5G and future generations of mobile communications.
Highlights
With the constant increase in users’ needs, in particular, the interconnection of all their communication devices, and its access to the Internet everywhere, the Fourth Generation (4G) of telecommunications has to be rethought
Since massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems are expected to operate with a great number of antennas in the transmitter and the receiver, it is important that the receivers used in these systems have as few matrix inversions as possible
A MIMO scenario with 3 iterations, 4 transmitting antennas and 8 receiving antennas is presented. This scenario is extended to a massive MIMO scenario and the number of antennas was increased 8 times, while keeping the same R/P ratio and number of iterations
Summary
With the constant increase in users’ needs, in particular, the interconnection of all their communication devices, and its access to the Internet everywhere, the Fourth Generation (4G) of telecommunications has to be rethought. This architecture consists of the existence of multiple antennas in the receiver and transmitter This implementation allows these systems to have a substantial increase in the data rate and an improvement, in energy efficiency, and in reliability of the connections [1,4]. In the mMIMO system, the number of antennas in the receiver and transmitter increases to tens or hundreds of antennas This implies the use of large matrices, which is a serious problem in receivers based on the IB-DFE concept [10,11], since this type of receiver requires matrix inversions for each subcarrier and each iteration implies intensive computational processing. The performance achieved by IB-DFE, MRC, the hybrid receiver and the correlation factor is presented and compared with the theoretical values for the same receiver. Xe, x, x, denotes respectively sample, "hard decision" and "soft decision" estimation of x
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