Analytical modeling and comparison of Berkhout and Sheriff Fresnel diameter to lateral resolution in seismic reflection

Abstract

In homogeneous isotropic media, and for normally incident waves, the Fresnel zone is a spherical disk-shaped structure of a plane with a spherical wavefront as the wavefront penetrates a quarter wavelength in the usual path of the plane. The Fresnel region shall assess the absolute limit of the lateral resolution of the seismic reflex images when there are no external noise issues or other causes of pollution. A simple program was computed using Matlab to solve the problem of Fresnel zones in seismic reflection. The objectives are to detect the variations in depth and wavelength when acquiring seismic data and to compare and contrast Berkhout and Sheriff Fresnel zone equations. With an increase in depth and seismic wavelength, spatial resolution degrades. Large Fresnel diameter in the cases of deeper depths and large wavelength is worrisome when it comes to lateral resolution. To ease the problem, there are two possibilities, which include: decrease wavelength by increasing high-frequency content of the data set or reduce depth, which implies that when depth is much, reduce wavelength.